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Eccentricity of the Sextant by Frederic Furbish, 1893

Eccentricity of the Sextant by Frederic Furbish, 1893, Page 80

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impossible to make an observation [underlined]exactly[/underlined] on the meridian. We do not try to do this. What we do is to take a series of altitude measurements on each side of the meridian. The time of meridian passage is very closely known (not taking into account the clock correction). Beginning 10 minutse before this time we take, say, 5 observations before culmination and 5 after. The observations should be taken as quickly as possible and the set should be symetrical although this is not absolutely necessary. The altitudes thus taken on each side of the meridian are called circum-meridian altitudes. By reducing these to the meridian and taking the mean of the series
 
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