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Coal Measures and Coal Mining in Iowa, including paleontology and a discussion on the coal formation; also the methods of mining by Russell T. Hartman, 1898

Coal Measures and Coal Mining in Iowa by Russell T. Hartman, 1898, Page 37

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[page]36[/page] the Lower Carboniferous overlies the Devonians. But such is not necessarily the case. The Des Moines stage is composed of marginal deposits, consisting of shales, sandstones, beds of coal, and occasionally thin bands of limestone; while the Missouri stage consists of deep sea deposits, such as limestones and calcareous shales, which clearly indicate that the water in which they were deposited was rather deep and clear, away from disturbed shallows, away from the detritus washed into the sea from the land. Then, too, the faunas of the two formations differ, that of the Missouri stage being composed of forms which lived in deep waters, while that of the Des Moines shows shallow marginal or perhaps brackish waters.
 
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