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Coal Measures and Coal Mining in Iowa, including paleontology and a discussion on the coal formation; also the methods of mining by Russell T. Hartman, 1898

Coal Measures and Coal Mining in Iowa by Russell T. Hartman, 1898, Page 105

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[page]104.[/page] Dorsal valve about semi-circular in outline, usually nearly flat, sometimes slightly convex near the beak and slightly concave in front; beak very small; hinge area narrow; dental laminar well defined. Ventral valve very convex especially in the umbonal region; beak prominent strongly incurved over hinge line; hinge area triangular, curving with the beak; foramen higher than wide. Surface marked by obscure lines of growth. Geol. Pos. Missouri stage, S. W. Iowa. Reference.-- Final Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey of Nebraska, page 184. [underlined]Spirifer lineatus[/underlined], Martin Plate VIII. figure 8. Shell rather small, wider than long, transversely sub-elliptical, hinge line shorter than greatest widths
 
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