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Coal Measures and Coal Mining in Iowa, including paleontology and a discussion on the coal formation; also the methods of mining by Russell T. Hartman, 1898

Coal Measures and Coal Mining in Iowa by Russell T. Hartman, 1898, Page 187

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[page]187.[/page] coal irregular in shape, as in figure 5, containing several secondary as D, E, and F. [image: side drawing of varying mine depths with a shaft connecting down to the deepest part] In prospecting it has been found that C is the lowest point, so the shaft is sunk there and the water from the portion DG collects there. But as the mining continues toward A and B water collects in D, E, and F. Small pits called "sumps" are dug at these places for collecting the water and these are connected with lower levels by pipes which act as siphons and conduct the water to C. The shaft is like a large well, of rectangular sections in which run two elevators ("cages") which carry the coal to the surface, and serve as a means of entrance and exit
 
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