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Coal Measures and Coal Mining in Iowa, including paleontology and a discussion on the coal formation; also the methods of mining by Russell T. Hartman, 1898

Coal Measures and Coal Mining in Iowa by Russell T. Hartman, 1898, Page 188

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[page]188.[/page] to and from the mine. Sinking the shaft through ordinary materials encounters no more difficulties than sinking an ordinary well. Water is usually encountered, sometimes in large amounts. If the amount is not very great it is hoisted out in barrels as is the other materials of excavation. When the amount is large steam pumps suspended by ropes in the shaft are used. Quicksand is the shaft sinkers' greatest enemy. It is usually overcome by placing an iron shoe around the bottom of the curbing, and, by means of this, working the curbing through the layer of quicksand. Or the curbing may be made entirely of iron. Another method of sinking the curbing through quicksand is by means of a curbing floor made in com-
 
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