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Campus "Unrest" demonstrations and consequences, 1970-1971
Historical Highlights
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HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS 1946 Rep. of Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh recognized as French State in French Union. French later recognize an oposing govt. In Saigon, *French troops fire on Haiphong Harbor, killing 6,000 Vietnamese. Vietminh resistance begins, lasts for 8 years. 1950 US under Truman assumes 83% of the cost of fighting the Vietminh. 1954 *Collapse of the French colonial rule at Dienbienphu. Geneva Agreements arrived at by international commision, calling for (1) ceasefire in Vietnam, (2) a provisional military demarcation line at the 17th parallel, (3) a free general election to be held by July 1956 to unite No. & So. Vietnam, (4) no foreign military aid to be provided to any forces in Vietnam. US and So. Vietnam Govts. refused to sign. 1955 Ngo Dinh Diem becomes Pres. of So. Vietnam; replaces emporer Bo Dai. 1956 Diem refuses to allow the elections. Vilage elections suppressed. Concerted military action against Diem commenced. 1957 Diem suppresses all political opposition. 1960 National Liberation Front founded (Viet Cong) by nationalists, several factions including Communists involved. 1961 Kennedy sends in 3100 military advisors to aid Saigon. 1963 Buddhists demonstrate against discrimination by Catholic Diem Regime. Diem overthrown by military coup; eight govts. formed and dissolved in the next two years. 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident. 1965 Regular bombing of North Vietnam. U Thant's proposal for conference on Vietnam rejected by US. U.S. sends 160,000 troops. 11 1966 U.S. troops to 385,000 men. NFL increases amount of territory they control. 1967 US Troops to 500,000 men. Elections held in South Vietnam. All candidates who support peace negotiations are barred from running. Pres censored. The Thieu-Ky ticket elected with 35% of vote 1968 Gen. Westmoreland predicts US military victory is imminent. NFL launches Tet offensive, causing heaviest US losses to date. Westmoreland asks for more troops. Commitment to 549,000 troops. Johnson calls a halt to bombing of No. Vietnam. Between Nov. 68 and Feb. 69, 400,000 tons of bombs dropped on South Vietnam. Defoliation of countryside increases. South Vietnam imports 800,000 tons of rice, where before 1967 it had exported rice worth $134 million a year. 1969 Expanded Paris peace talks to include Saigon and NFL. Nixon reduces troop levels to 480,000 men. Nov. 3, Nixon announces (1) pursuing a just peace through negotiations and (2) Vietnamization of the war to strengthen Thieu-Ky Govt.'s ability to win. American people learn of Song My (massacre in March, 1968) 1970 US military action in Laos revealed. Nixon moves troops into CAmbodia without knowledge of Cambodian government. (violation of SEATO Treatty) Sources: "Fact Sheet on the Vietnam War" Clergy and Laymen concerned about Vietnam: "The War in Vietnam" a report prepared by Senate Republican Policy Committee.
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HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS 1946 Rep. of Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh recognized as French State in French Union. French later recognize an oposing govt. In Saigon, *French troops fire on Haiphong Harbor, killing 6,000 Vietnamese. Vietminh resistance begins, lasts for 8 years. 1950 US under Truman assumes 83% of the cost of fighting the Vietminh. 1954 *Collapse of the French colonial rule at Dienbienphu. Geneva Agreements arrived at by international commision, calling for (1) ceasefire in Vietnam, (2) a provisional military demarcation line at the 17th parallel, (3) a free general election to be held by July 1956 to unite No. & So. Vietnam, (4) no foreign military aid to be provided to any forces in Vietnam. US and So. Vietnam Govts. refused to sign. 1955 Ngo Dinh Diem becomes Pres. of So. Vietnam; replaces emporer Bo Dai. 1956 Diem refuses to allow the elections. Vilage elections suppressed. Concerted military action against Diem commenced. 1957 Diem suppresses all political opposition. 1960 National Liberation Front founded (Viet Cong) by nationalists, several factions including Communists involved. 1961 Kennedy sends in 3100 military advisors to aid Saigon. 1963 Buddhists demonstrate against discrimination by Catholic Diem Regime. Diem overthrown by military coup; eight govts. formed and dissolved in the next two years. 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident. 1965 Regular bombing of North Vietnam. U Thant's proposal for conference on Vietnam rejected by US. U.S. sends 160,000 troops. 11 1966 U.S. troops to 385,000 men. NFL increases amount of territory they control. 1967 US Troops to 500,000 men. Elections held in South Vietnam. All candidates who support peace negotiations are barred from running. Pres censored. The Thieu-Ky ticket elected with 35% of vote 1968 Gen. Westmoreland predicts US military victory is imminent. NFL launches Tet offensive, causing heaviest US losses to date. Westmoreland asks for more troops. Commitment to 549,000 troops. Johnson calls a halt to bombing of No. Vietnam. Between Nov. 68 and Feb. 69, 400,000 tons of bombs dropped on South Vietnam. Defoliation of countryside increases. South Vietnam imports 800,000 tons of rice, where before 1967 it had exported rice worth $134 million a year. 1969 Expanded Paris peace talks to include Saigon and NFL. Nixon reduces troop levels to 480,000 men. Nov. 3, Nixon announces (1) pursuing a just peace through negotiations and (2) Vietnamization of the war to strengthen Thieu-Ky Govt.'s ability to win. American people learn of Song My (massacre in March, 1968) 1970 US military action in Laos revealed. Nixon moves troops into CAmbodia without knowledge of Cambodian government. (violation of SEATO Treatty) Sources: "Fact Sheet on the Vietnam War" Clergy and Laymen concerned about Vietnam: "The War in Vietnam" a report prepared by Senate Republican Policy Committee.
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