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Campus "Unrest" demonstrations and consequences, 1970-1971

New Evidence on Campus Unrest, 1969-70 Page 4

EDUCATIONAL RECORD Winter 1971

TABLE 2: Campus Protest in Four Year Institutions During 1969-1970

[column one header]Type of Incident [end]

[column two header]Unweighted Sample Data (N= 196 Institutional)[Number of incidents, Percentage of Institutions Experiencing One or More Incidents] [end]

[column 3 header]Weighted Population Estimates {N= 1,578 Institutional) [Number of incidents, Percentage of Institutions Experiencing One of More Incidents] [end]

All protests, 1,456, 87.8, 8,169, 80.2

Protests directed against the institution (total), 608 60.7, 3,188, 45.4
War related, 160, 30.6, 579.16.3
Racial Issues, 162, 33.7, 1,031, 24.2
Facilities and student life, 226, 45.9, 1,261, 33.3
Student Power in decision making, 22, 8.2, 109, 4.9
Faculty and staff, 4, 2.6, 20, 1.3
Community relations, 12, 4.6, 64, 3.7
Other, 21, 9.2, 124, 6.0

Protests not directed against the institution (total) 848, 86.2, 4,981, 78.0
Earth,Day 94, 46.2, 698.43.9
October moratorium, 84, 42.3, 560,35.4
November moratorium, 80, 40.8, 417,26.4
December Moratorium., 21k, 10.7, 127, 8.0
Later moratoriums, 128, 35.7, 680,26.1
Other war related, 185, 46.4, 962, 35,2
Cambodian invasion. 57. 25.0, 380. 22.3
Kent State Killings, 72, 30.6, 538, 30.1
Jackson State killing, 10, 4.6, 53, 3.2
Augusta, Georgia killings, 5, 2.5, 28, 1.8
Other, 112, 26.5, 538, 14.8

Outcomes of Protests 
One or more arrested, 120, 19.9, 535, 12.2
Damage to property, 48, 13.3, 312, 8.3
Physical violence, 45, 10.7, 230, 5,3

racial issues showed the largest relative rates of increase (more than 50 percent each) when the two year colleges were omitted. 

Institutional correlates 
What kinds of institutions experienced protests during 1969-70? Were different types of protests associated with different types of institutions? To obtain preliminary answers to these questions, the Office of Research computed product moment correlations between each type of protest and 15 institutional characteristics, such as size, selectivity, and type of control.Earlier studies showed that several of these characteristics were related to the occurrence of campus protests. 5 Also carried out were separate stepwise multiple regression analyses, in which the college characteristics served as independent variables and each different type of protest was used as a dependent variable. 
Results of these analyses for noninstitutionally directed protests are shwon in Table 3. The institutional characteristics are listed approximately in their order of importance, and only the nine characteristics that entered one or more of the regression analyses are shown. The multiple correlation coefficients (last row, Table 3) indicate that the November moratorium and "other" war related protests were most closely related to institutional characteristics, whereas October moratorium and the Jackson State protests were least related to these characteristics. The patterns of correlations involving enrllments. 

5 A.W. Astin and A.E. Bayer "Antecedents and Consequents of Disruptive Campus Protests" Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, forthcoming: Bayer and Astin "Violence and Disruption": H.L. Hodgkinson, Institutions in Transition, A study if Change in Higher Education. (Berkeley: Carnegie commission on Higher Education 1970) R.E Peterson "The Scope of Organized Student protest in 967-68" (MS Princeton, N.J; Educational Testing Service, 968) 

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EDUCATIONAL RECORD Winter 1971 TABLE 2: Campus Protest in Four Year Institutions During 1969-1970 [column one header]Type of Incident [end] [column two header]Unweighted Sample Data (N= 196 Institutional)[Number of incidents, Percentage of Institutions Experiencing One or More Incidents] [end] [column 3 header]Weighted Population Estimates {N= 1,578 Institutional) [Number of incidents, Percentage of Institutions Experiencing One of More Incidents] [end] All protests, 1,456, 87.8, 8,169, 80.2 Protests directed against the institution (total), 608 60.7, 3,188, 45.4 War related, 160, 30.6, 579.16.3 Racial Issues, 162, 33.7, 1,031, 24.2 Facilities and student life, 226, 45.9, 1,261, 33.3 Student Power in decision making, 22, 8.2, 109, 4.9 Faculty and staff, 4, 2.6, 20, 1.3 Community relations, 12, 4.6, 64, 3.7 Other, 21, 9.2, 124, 6.0 Protests not directed against the institution (total) 848, 86.2, 4,981, 78.0 Earth,Day 94, 46.2, 698.43.9 October moratorium, 84, 42.3, 560,35.4 November moratorium, 80, 40.8, 417,26.4 December Moratorium., 21k, 10.7, 127, 8.0 Later moratoriums, 128, 35.7, 680,26.1 Other war related, 185, 46.4, 962, 35,2 Cambodian invasion. 57. 25.0, 380. 22.3 Kent State Killings, 72, 30.6, 538, 30.1 Jackson State killing, 10, 4.6, 53, 3.2 Augusta, Georgia killings, 5, 2.5, 28, 1.8 Other, 112, 26.5, 538, 14.8 Outcomes of Protests One or more arrested, 120, 19.9, 535, 12.2 Damage to property, 48, 13.3, 312, 8.3 Physical violence, 45, 10.7, 230, 5,3 racial issues showed the largest relative rates of increase (more than 50 percent each) when the two year colleges were omitted. Institutional correlates What kinds of institutions experienced protests during 1969-70? Were different types of protests associated with different types of institutions? To obtain preliminary answers to these questions, the Office of Research computed product moment correlations between each type of protest and 15 institutional characteristics, such as size, selectivity, and type of control.Earlier studies showed that several of these characteristics were related to the occurrence of campus protests. 5 Also carried out were separate stepwise multiple regression analyses, in which the college characteristics served as independent variables and each different type of protest was used as a dependent variable. Results of these analyses for noninstitutionally directed protests are shwon in Table 3. The institutional characteristics are listed approximately in their order of importance, and only the nine characteristics that entered one or more of the regression analyses are shown. The multiple correlation coefficients (last row, Table 3) indicate that the November moratorium and "other" war related protests were most closely related to institutional characteristics, whereas October moratorium and the Jackson State protests were least related to these characteristics. The patterns of correlations involving enrllments. 5 A.W. Astin and A.E. Bayer "Antecedents and Consequents of Disruptive Campus Protests" Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, forthcoming: Bayer and Astin "Violence and Disruption": H.L. Hodgkinson, Institutions in Transition, A study if Change in Higher Education. (Berkeley: Carnegie commission on Higher Education 1970) R.E Peterson "The Scope of Organized Student protest in 967-68" (MS Princeton, N.J; Educational Testing Service, 968) 44