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Campus "Unrest" demonstrations and consequences, 1970-1971

New Evidence on Campus Unrest, 1969-70 Page 5

NEW EVIDENCE OF CAMPUS UNREST, 1969-70 Astin

and universities are quite similar, as are the patterns involving percentage of Ph.D's on faculty and selectivity. These two sets of variables reflect the two principal attributes of institutional prestige or status: size and academic quality 6. In other words, noninstitutionally directed protests, especially those involving war related issues, occurred most frequently in institutions of high prestige. 
The patterns of correlations between institutional characteristics and protests over the Kent Sate and Jackson State killings provide a striking picture of student and institutional identification. Protests over the killings at Kent State, a public institution, occurred most frequently in public institutions, where as protests over the killings at Jackson State, a predominately black college, occurred most frequently in predominately black colleges. 

Unexpected finding 
Earth Day demonstrations occurred most frequently in large, public institutions of relatively high academic quality. However, these demonstrations also occurred frequently at institutions located in the southeastern states a remarkable finding since a southeastern location tends to be negatively related to almost every other type of protest. Apparently the issues involved in the Earth Day observance had a qualitatively different appeal to students in southern institutions. 
Even the October and November moratoriums show somewhat different patterns of institutional correlates. Whereas the October observance was not closely related to measures of academic quality, the November observance was related more to measures of size. 

Size and quality factors
Table 4 shows the institutional correlates of protests directed against the institution. (As in Table 3, only those institutional variables that entered at least one of the four multiple regression analyses are shown.) Two types of institutionally directed protest - those against the war and those concerned with facilities and student life - are more closely related to institutional characteristics than are any of the noninstitutionally directed protests. The pattern of institutional correlates for all four types of inwardly directed protests, however, are similar to t he patterns associated with outwardly directed protests substantial positive relations with measures of institutional size and quality. Size seems to be more important than quality in protests concerning facilities and student life and war related protests, whereas size and quality

TABLE 3: Correlations Between Noninstitutional Protest and Selected Institutional Characteristics 

(N= 196 Four Year Institutions )

Institutional Characteristics

Earth Day, October Moratorium, November Moratorium, Kent State, Jackson State, Cambodia, War Related (other)

University, .20, .04, .36,.2113,.16,.46*
Enrollment size, .23,.14,.40*,.19,.14*,19,.44*
Percentage of Ph.Ds on faculty,.16^,.28*,.36*,.01,.12,.17,.29
Selectivity .05,.22,.28,-.08,.04,.16*,.23*
Public (vs. private), .24*, -.01,.17,.29*,.10,.30*,.24
Private nonsectarian, -.04,.15,.13*, -.17,.03,-.06,.00
Predominately black, -.12,-.02,-.10,-.08,.17*,-.07, -.03
Located in Southeast, .17,-.09,-.10,.03,.-.04,-.09,-.20
Located in West or Southwest, .05, -.04, .0,.09,f.4,.21*, .10
Multiple R, .32, .28, .50, .34,.23,.44,.52

* Entered the stepwise multiple regression analysis and contributed significantly p</05) in the final solution. Note: r .05 = .14; r.01=.19

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NEW EVIDENCE OF CAMPUS UNREST, 1969-70 Astin and universities are quite similar, as are the patterns involving percentage of Ph.D's on faculty and selectivity. These two sets of variables reflect the two principal attributes of institutional prestige or status: size and academic quality 6. In other words, noninstitutionally directed protests, especially those involving war related issues, occurred most frequently in institutions of high prestige. The patterns of correlations between institutional characteristics and protests over the Kent Sate and Jackson State killings provide a striking picture of student and institutional identification. Protests over the killings at Kent State, a public institution, occurred most frequently in public institutions, where as protests over the killings at Jackson State, a predominately black college, occurred most frequently in predominately black colleges. Unexpected finding Earth Day demonstrations occurred most frequently in large, public institutions of relatively high academic quality. However, these demonstrations also occurred frequently at institutions located in the southeastern states a remarkable finding since a southeastern location tends to be negatively related to almost every other type of protest. Apparently the issues involved in the Earth Day observance had a qualitatively different appeal to students in southern institutions. Even the October and November moratoriums show somewhat different patterns of institutional correlates. Whereas the October observance was not closely related to measures of academic quality, the November observance was related more to measures of size. Size and quality factors Table 4 shows the institutional correlates of protests directed against the institution. (As in Table 3, only those institutional variables that entered at least one of the four multiple regression analyses are shown.) Two types of institutionally directed protest - those against the war and those concerned with facilities and student life - are more closely related to institutional characteristics than are any of the noninstitutionally directed protests. The pattern of institutional correlates for all four types of inwardly directed protests, however, are similar to t he patterns associated with outwardly directed protests substantial positive relations with measures of institutional size and quality. Size seems to be more important than quality in protests concerning facilities and student life and war related protests, whereas size and quality TABLE 3: Correlations Between Noninstitutional Protest and Selected Institutional Characteristics (N= 196 Four Year Institutions ) Institutional Characteristics Earth Day, October Moratorium, November Moratorium, Kent State, Jackson State, Cambodia, War Related (other) University, .20, .04, .36,.2113,.16,.46* Enrollment size, .23,.14,.40*,.19,.14*,19,.44* Percentage of Ph.Ds on faculty,.16^,.28*,.36*,.01,.12,.17,.29 Selectivity .05,.22,.28,-.08,.04,.16*,.23* Public (vs. private), .24*, -.01,.17,.29*,.10,.30*,.24 Private nonsectarian, -.04,.15,.13*, -.17,.03,-.06,.00 Predominately black, -.12,-.02,-.10,-.08,.17*,-.07, -.03 Located in Southeast, .17,-.09,-.10,.03,.-.04,-.09,-.20 Located in West or Southwest, .05, -.04, .0,.09,f.4,.21*, .10 Multiple R, .32, .28, .50, .34,.23,.44,.52 * Entered the stepwise multiple regression analysis and contributed significantly p